Solid-phase synthesis builds the peptide one residue at a time on a resin. Each residue added is a coupling step with its own reagents, washes and checks, so a longer sequence costs more in reagents and time roughly in proportion to its length. That part is easy to anticipate. The harder part is difficulty, which does not scale with length alone.
Some residues couple slowly or incompletely and need repeated couplings. Some stretches of sequence aggregate on the resin as the chain grows, which slows every subsequent step and lowers the yield of full-length product. Sequences rich in certain hydrophobic or branched residues, or with long runs of the same residue, are the usual suspects. The factory reads the sequence at the feasibility step and prices these effects in, which is why the quote cannot be written from the length alone.
Difficulty also affects purity before purification. A sequence that assembles cleanly gives a crude product dominated by the full-length peptide, and purification is quick. A sequence that assembles badly gives a crude product full of deletion and truncation species close in retention time to the product, and purification takes more passes to reach the same target. So difficulty appears twice in the number: once in synthesis and once in purification.
What a buyer can do: send the sequence exactly as intended, state the termini explicitly (free or modified), and avoid adding residues that the project does not need. A tag or spacer added "for convenience" is a longer, possibly harder sequence.